"Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy" is a form of stem cell therapy. There has been a lot of research on the use of stem cell therapy to treat heart attacks, emphysema, as well as stroke. This entry focuses on stroke treatment.
A novel approach to treating stroke has been invstigated by a research group in Germany.1 The investigators took bone marrow cells from human volunteers, isolated mononuclear cells from it, and used these to treat stroke in rats.
The bone marrow cells were transplanted directly into the carotid artery three days after stroke was induced in the rats. Rat behaviour was tested before stroke, as well as 2, 5, 14, 23 and 30 days after stroke.
Unfortunately, treatment didn't improve recovery compared to non-treated rats. This study was based on previous research focusing on the treatment of heart attack with mononuclear bone marrow cells, and suggests that one therapy can't directly be translated to another disease. However, the fact that researchers waited three days before treating the stroke might also be significant. It is essential that stroke patients are treated as soon as possible after stroking - for strokes caused by blood clots the treatment window is 3 hours after stroke.2
Previous research into treating stroke with bone marrow cells focused on the use of stromal bone marrow cells3 and not mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells come mostly from red bone marrow, which gives rise to cells associated with the immune system such as monocytes and lymphocytes. In contrast, stromal stem cells come from the stroma which contains a number of cells that create the correct environment for the production of mononuclear cells in the red bone marrow. The bone marrow stroma contains cells like fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as other factors like colony stimulating factor, which all support the differentiation of blood-related cells in the red bone marrow. Therefore the type of cell used to treat stroke might also be of significance.
A novel approach to treating stroke has been invstigated by a research group in Germany.1 The investigators took bone marrow cells from human volunteers, isolated mononuclear cells from it, and used these to treat stroke in rats.
The bone marrow cells were transplanted directly into the carotid artery three days after stroke was induced in the rats. Rat behaviour was tested before stroke, as well as 2, 5, 14, 23 and 30 days after stroke.
Unfortunately, treatment didn't improve recovery compared to non-treated rats. This study was based on previous research focusing on the treatment of heart attack with mononuclear bone marrow cells, and suggests that one therapy can't directly be translated to another disease. However, the fact that researchers waited three days before treating the stroke might also be significant. It is essential that stroke patients are treated as soon as possible after stroking - for strokes caused by blood clots the treatment window is 3 hours after stroke.2
Previous research into treating stroke with bone marrow cells focused on the use of stromal bone marrow cells3 and not mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells come mostly from red bone marrow, which gives rise to cells associated with the immune system such as monocytes and lymphocytes. In contrast, stromal stem cells come from the stroma which contains a number of cells that create the correct environment for the production of mononuclear cells in the red bone marrow. The bone marrow stroma contains cells like fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as other factors like colony stimulating factor, which all support the differentiation of blood-related cells in the red bone marrow. Therefore the type of cell used to treat stroke might also be of significance.
Even though mononuclear cells did not effectively treat stroke in this study, mononuclear cells have been used with success in the treatment of heart attack 4, 5 and emphysema. 6
1 Minnerup et al. Intracarotid administration of human bone marrow mononuclear cells in rat photothrombotic ischemia. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2: 3. (2010) (doi:10.1186/2040-7378-2-3)
2 http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_articles/stroke_pooled_analysis_030404.htm
3 Andrews et al. Human adult bone marrow-derived somatic cell therapy results in functional recovery and axonal plasticity following stroke in the rat. Experimental Neurology 211: 588-592 (2008).
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4 Lunde K et al. Intracoronary Injection of Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 355: 1199-1209 (2006).
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5Leblond, A-L et al. Bone marrow mononuclear stem cells: potential in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications 2: 11–19 (2009).
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6 Cruz F et al. Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cell Therapy Improved Lung Mechanics And Histology In A Murine Model Of Emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 181: A1013 (2010).
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2 http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_articles/stroke_pooled_analysis_030404.htm
3 Andrews et al. Human adult bone marrow-derived somatic cell therapy results in functional recovery and axonal plasticity following stroke in the rat. Experimental Neurology 211: 588-592 (2008).
Source
4 Lunde K et al. Intracoronary Injection of Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction. New England Journal of Medicine 355: 1199-1209 (2006).
Source
5Leblond, A-L et al. Bone marrow mononuclear stem cells: potential in the treatment of myocardial infarction. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications 2: 11–19 (2009).
Source
6 Cruz F et al. Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cell Therapy Improved Lung Mechanics And Histology In A Murine Model Of Emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 181: A1013 (2010).
Source
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